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Over the past two decades, German policy toward Russia has sparked heated debate and critical reflection. With contributions from Katja Gloger and Georg Mascolo, authors of the book \”The Transactions\”, explores the complexity of political decisions and misjudgments that have characterized relations between Berlin and Moscow. This article aims to analyze the crucial points of these interactions, from the initial approach in Dresden until recent events such as the annexation of Crimea and the consequences of the war in Ukraine.
The historical context of German-Russian relations
Relations between Germany and Russia have deep and complex roots, influenced by economic, political and historical factors. During the era of Angela Merkel e Gerhard Schroeder, Germany has adopted a strategy of change through rapprochement, convinced that dialogue could lead to an improvement in relations. However, this vision has shown its limits, especially when it came to dealing with the regime of Vladimir Putin, who has often acted in an unpredictable and aggressive manner.
The political choices of Schröder and Merkel
Schröder, in particular, played a key role in promoting economic ties with Russia, supporting projects such as Nord StreamHer belief that economic interests could act as a catalyst for deeper cooperation proved naive. On the other hand, Merkel attempted to maintain a diplomatic stance, but her policies often clashed with the reality of Russia's growing aggression.
Lessons Unlearned
Many questions arise: Why did Germany continue to believe in the power of dialogue until the last moment? What warning signals were ignored? Speakers Gloger and Mascolo highlight that the dominant narrative has been influenced by economic interests and an idealistic vision of international politics. This has led to a series of miscalculated judgments, culminating in Putin's attitude that he saw Germany as an indispensable partner, ready to do business again, even under adverse conditions.
The Nord Stream case and the annexation of Crimea
The construction of Nord Stream represented a crucial point in German-Russian relations. On the one hand, it allowed Germany to secure a direct and secure energy source. On the other, it created a dependency that made it difficult to respond to events like the annexation of Crimea. In this situation, Germany found itself forced to confront its principles with geopolitical reality, discovering that its policy of rapprochement came at a high cost.
A new era of awareness?
Today, after years of complex relations, Germany is facing a new reality. The war in Ukraine has forced German authorities to reconsider their positions and strategies. The need for a more realistic and less idealistic approach towards Russia has emerged. Questions remain: Has Berlin actually learned from its mistakes? Will German leaders be able to integrate the lessons of the past into their future foreign policy?
The debate over German policy toward Russia is far from over. The history of these past twenty years is a warning for the future, and works like those by Gloger and Mascolo invite us to reflect on how to address international challenges with greater wisdom and pragmatism.