Misiona MMX: Ka Whakarewahia te Rokete H3 mai i Tanegashima ki Phobos

I te 20 o Oketopa, 2026, i te 4:41 i te ata, te wā o te rohe, i whakarewahia e te Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) tētahi o ngā haerenga ātea tino nui o te tekau tau. Nā te rōkete H3, i roto i tōna whirihoranga tino kaha me ngā miihini matua e rua me ngā whakakaha e whā, i hiki ake te waka rererangi MMX – Martian Moons eXploration mai i te papa Yoshinobu i te Tanegashima Space Center, e anga atu ana ki Phobos, te marama nui rawa atu o Mars.

Te whakarewatanga mai i te taunga mokowhiti o Tanegashima

I tīmata te rere me te mea i kīia e ngā āpiha he "tino tika." Whai muri i te haora o te rere, i whakaū a JAXA i te wehenga o te waka rererangi mai i te kaiwhakarewa me tōna tūranga i roto i te ara porowhita kua whakaritea. Nā ngā tohu reo irirangi tuatahi i whakamana te mahi tika o ngā pūnaha o runga, ā, nā reira i whakaū te tīmatanga o te misioni.

I whakanui a Makoto Arita, te kaiwhakahaere kaupapa o te kaupapa H3, i te hiranga o tēnei whakatutukitanga, ā, i whakapuaki te Pirimia Minita o Hapani, a Sanae Takaichi, i te tumanako mō X: "Ko taku tumanako ka angitu tēnei kaupapa whakahirahira".

Ngā whakatakotoranga mō te rōkete H3 me te tirotiro MMX

I hangaia te waka whakarewa H3 hei kawe i ngā kawenga tae atu ki te 5,3 mita te roa me te 4.480 kirokaramu te taumaha, he rite tonu ki ngā uara o te waka mokowhiti MMX.

Kei roto i te whirihoranga kua whiriwhiria ko ngā miihini wai-wahie e rua me ngā whakakaha wahie totoka e whā, e whakarato ana i te pana e hiahiatia ana hei haere i roto i te āhuarangi Hapanihi me te whakarewa i te waka tirotiro ki te ara whakawhiti aorangi. I whakaroahia te whakarewatanga mai i te tau 2024 nā te korenga o te rerenga tuatahi a H3, engari e whakaatu ana te whakarewatanga hou i te pakari o te pūnaha i muri i ngā whakatikatika i mahia.

Ngā wāhanga o te misioni ki a Mātaota me Phobos

Ka roa te haerenga ki te aorangi whero mō te tau, ā, ka whakaritea te whakaurunga ki te ara iahiko o Mātaotao mō Ākuhata 2027. Kia tata atu ki Mātaotao, ka mahi te waka tirotiro i ngā mahi hei whakauru ki tētahi ara iahiko āhua-āmiorangi huri noa i a Phobos mai i reira. I tēnei wāhanga, ka kohia e ngā taputapu pūtaiao 11 i runga i te waka (e whitu i roto i te waka tirotiro matua, e whā i roto i te rover) ngā raraunga mō te āhua o te marama, te hanganga o roto, me te hanganga matū. Ko tētahi wāhanga matua ko te ine irahiko MIRS infrared , i whakawhanakehia me te takoha a te taiwhanga LIRA i te Whare Tirotiro o Parī, e whakarato ana i ngā mōhiohio taipitopito mō te ara iahiko.

Te rover Idefix me ngā mahi tauira

Ko te rover Franco-German, ko Idefix te īngoa, ka tata ki te 25 kg te taumaha, ā, ka tau ki Phobos hei aromatawai i te wāhi taunga mō te waka tirotiro matua. Nā te taumaha o te 0,005 karamu anake, ka rite te taumaha o Idefix ki te 15 karamu i runga i te mata o te marama, ka taea ai ngā nekehanga tino mārie. Ka whakamahia e te rover he wiri matua hei tango tauira tae atu ki te rua henimita te hohonu, me te mīhini tauira hau hei kohi rauemi mata. Whai muri i te tautoko mai i a Idefix, ka rua ngā hekenga motuhake a te waka tirotiro matua, ka kohia te katoa o te 10 karamu o te toka me te onepu, ka herea ki roto i te waeine whakauru anō.

Te Hokinga ki te Ao me ngā tirohanga pūtaiao

I te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2030, ka wehe atu te waka rererangi i te ara iahiko o Māta, ka rere atu ki Deimos i mua i te anga atu ki te Rā. Ka tomo te waeine whakahokinga mai, he mea whakakakahu ki te whakangungu wera, ki te āhuarangi o te Ao i te Hūrae 2031, ka tau ki te Wāhi Rāhui o Woomera i Ahitereiria. I reira, ka riro i te Institute for Space and Astronautical Sciences (ISAS) a JAXA te kāpū, ka tangohia ngā tauira me te whakarārangihia. Ka whakatuwherahia e te ESA, me CNES, DLR, me NASA, ngā tono kia taea ai e ngā kairangahau mai i te ao katoa te tātari i ēnei rauemi me ngā taputapu matatau ake i ērā e tukuna ana ki te wāhi.

Mā te kawe mai i ngā taunakitanga tika mai i Phobos ki te Ao ka huaki i ngā huarahi hou hei whakautu i ngā pātai matua, pērā i te takenga mai o ngā marama o Mars—ahakoa i puta mai i tētahi pānga nui, i te hopunga rānei o ngā asteroid—me te whakamahinga pea o Phobos hei teihana wāhi ā-taiao mō ngā misioni tangata ki Mars ā muri ake nei.