Adnkronos (Adnkronos) – Utilizzo consapevole, buone pratiche, check-up e nuove tecnologie per ridurre bolletta e impatto ambientale: in occasione dell’accensione dei riscaldamenti in grandi comuni del Nord come Milano e Torino (dal 15 ottobre, ndr), Enea propone una strategia in quattro punti per contenere la spesa energetica delle famiglie, mantenendo costante il benessere domestico e riducendo l’impatto ambientale.
"The latest geopolitical tensions have sparked a new energy emergency that has brought efficiency and the need to reduce gas consumption back into the spotlight," commented Ilaria Bertini, director of the ENEA Department of Energy Efficiency. "For home heating, it is more important than ever that citizens and professionals choose the best technological solutions and, above all, adopt informed behavior."
Secondo uno studio Enea, rispetto al 2025 si potrebbe ottenere nel settore residenziale una riduzione dei consumi di gas pari a 0,8 miliardi di Standard metri cubi (Smc) – una quantità necessaria a riscaldare quasi 700mila case – solo riapplicando le misure di contenimento messe in atto per fronteggiare la crisi energetica del 2022.
Si tratta di una serie di buone pratiche volontarie e disposizioni obbligatorie che prevedono di ridurre di 15 giorni il periodo di riscaldamento, di un’ora al giorno l’accensione e di un grado la temperatura interna. “Bastano 19 °C per avere in casa il comfort necessario. Per ogni grado in meno si risparmia fino al 10% sui consumi di combustibile”, dice l’autore dello studio Nicolandrea Calabrese responsabile del Laboratorio Enea di Efficienza energetica negli edifici e sviluppo urbano.
“Tuttavia – continua Calabrese – va sottolineato che queste misure di contenimento offrono maggiori volumi di risparmio nel breve termine, mentre per avere una riduzione stabile e costante, sono fondamentali interventi di efficienza più strutturali che vanno pianificati per tempo, come la sostituzione di impianti obsoleti o l’isolamento degli edifici.
Da questi interventi di efficientamento energetico potrebbe arrivare un ulteriore risparmio di 0,1 miliardi di Smc, che sommato al precedente porterebbe a un risparmio complessivo per il residenziale di 0,9 miliardi di Smc”.
Per quanto riguarda le caldaie – spiega Enea – sostituire i vecchi impianti con pompe di calore elettriche di ultima generazione garantisce elevata efficienza, oltre a ridurre le emissioni.
Le moderne pompe di calore permettono, infatti, di riscaldare e produrre acqua calda sanitaria anche utilizzando energia rinnovabile. Anche la digitalizzazione dei consumi permette di risparmiare in bolletta: cronotermostati, sensori di presenza negli ambienti e regolatori elettronici a distanza permettono di ottimizzare automaticamente la temperatura in base alle reali esigenze, riducendo gli sprechi e migliorando il comfort abitativo.
Furthermore, ENEA reminds us that thermal comfort in the home depends not only on the temperature set by the thermostat, but also on thermohygrometric comfort, that is, the way the body exchanges heat with the environment. In addition to the air temperature of the heated space, the average radiant temperature of the room must also be considered, i.e., the heat emitted by surfaces. If the walls or windows are cold or poorly insulated, the human body will lose heat and feel colder, even if the internal air temperature is above 20°C. Other factors include humidity (the ideal value for the home is between 40% and 60%) and air velocity (excessive ventilation or drafts increase heat loss). Finally, the type of clothing and metabolic activity significantly influence the perception of thermal comfort: the clothes worn compensate for a lower internal air temperature, while sitting at a desk, walking, or cleaning radically changes the amount of heat produced by the human body.
After the Alpine regions (climate zone F) and the coldest regions between Northern Italy and the Apennines (climate zone E) have been turned on, heating can be turned on on November 1st, barring local exceptions and delays, also in Central Italy, including cities like Rome and Florence (climate zone D). In the South, however, heating will have to wait until November 15th (climate zone C) and until December 1st for the warmest cities like Reggio Calabria, Palermo, or Agrigento (climate zones A and B).
Below are the four ENEA guidelines.
Set the right temperature and pay attention to switch-on times – Setting the ideal room temperature of 19°C and adhering to the daily switch-on limits for your climate zone is essential to avoid waste. The feeling of well-being at home depends not only on the temperature set by the thermostat but on the interaction of various factors such as radiant surface temperature, humidity, ventilation, clothing, and metabolic activity.
Prevent heat loss – Small daily actions make a big difference in your home's thermal insulation: it's important not to cover radiators with curtains or furniture, and to screen windows at night by lowering blinds or using heavy curtains. Air exchange in rooms remains essential for eliminating carbon dioxide produced by breathing and other volatile organic compounds emitted by furnishings, cleaning products, and other materials. However, it's sufficient to open windows only for a few minutes and during the middle of the day when the outside temperature is highest.
Choose high-efficiency technologies – Technological modernization is a strategic investment. Installing latest-generation condensing boilers or heat pumps, combined with thermostatic valves and advanced climate control systems, can reduce overall consumption by up to 25%. Furthermore, the use of smart meters and sensors allows for real-time tracking of energy consumption, promptly identifying any faults, leaks, or abnormal waste to avoid unpleasant surprises on your bill.
Perform periodic maintenance and check-ups – Keeping your systems clean and having them regularly inspected by qualified technicians is a legal requirement and a safety measure. In addition to avoiding administrative fines starting from €500, a perfectly efficient system can reduce energy consumption by up to 40%.
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